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nginx

nginx

2023年02月12日 约1.6k字 预计需要7分钟

配置文件

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

常用命令

nginx -s reload # 向主进程发送信号，重新加载配置文件，热重启

nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx

nginx -s stop # 快速关闭

nginx -s quit # 等待工作进程处理完成后关闭

nginx -T # 查看当前 Nginx 最终的配置

nginx -t -c <配置路径> # 检查配置是否有问题，如果已经在配置目录，则不需要-c

systemctl 是 Linux 系统应用管理工具systemd 的主命令，用于管理系统，我们也可以用它来对 Nginx 进行管理，相关命令如下：

systemctl start nginx # 启动 Nginx

systemctl stop nginx # 停止 Nginx

systemctl restart nginx # 重启 Nginx

systemctl reload nginx # 重新加载 Nginx，用于修改配置后

systemctl enable nginx # 设置开机启动 Nginx

systemctl disable nginx # 关闭开机启动 Nginx

systemctl status nginx # 查看 Nginx 运行状态

安装

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# nginx 不在 yum 官方源中，需要安装三方的 yum 源
yum -y install epel-release

# 更新 yum 源
yum -y update

# 安装 nginx 默认最新版本
yum install -y nginx

# ng依赖
# 检查
yum list installed | grep gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

# 安装
yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

FAQ

404 没有权限

设置配置文件中用户为root

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user  root;

413 Request Entity Too Large

上传文件大小设置，请求体大小限制

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http {
    client_max_body_size 10m;           # 请求体大小限制
    
    server {
       listen         80;               # 监听的端口
       server_name    localhost;        # 域名/ip
    }
}

代理

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$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for

gzip开启

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# /etc/nginx/conf.d/gzip.conf

gzip on; # 默认off，是否开启gzip
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/jsonapplication/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rsstext/javascript;
# 压缩类型 缺少图片和js
# 上面两个开启基本就能跑起了，下面的愿意折腾就了解一下
gzip_static on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;

指定路径解析至不同vue项目

比如访问 http://www.xxxxx.com 时，解析至A项目;

如果访问 http://www.xxxxx.com/a时，解析至B项目；

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server {
    location /a {
        alias /usr/share/nginx/a/dist;
         index index.html;
         try_files $uri $uri/ /a/index.html;
    }
    location /  {
         root /usr/share/nginx/pc/dist;
         #通过如下动态解析
        try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
         index index.html;
    }
    #通过如下动态解析
     location @router {
        rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
    }
}

设置http自动跳转到https

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server {
    if ($scheme = http) {   # 设置301跳转，设置http跳转到https
        return 302 https://moelj.com$request_uri;
    }
}

配置示例

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user  root;                        # 运行用户，默认即是nginx，可以不进行设置
worker_processes  auto;                # Nginx 进程数，一般设置为和 CPU 核数一样
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;   # Nginx 的错误日志存放目录
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;      # Nginx 服务启动时的 pid 存放位置

events {
    use epoll;     # 使用epoll的I/O模型(如果你不知道Nginx该使用哪种轮询方法，会自动选择一个最适合你操作系统的)
    worker_connections 1024;   # 每个进程允许最大并发数
}

http {   # 配置使用最频繁的部分，代理、缓存、日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里设置
    # 设置日志模式
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;   # Nginx访问日志存放位置

    sendfile            on;   # 开启高效传输模式
    tcp_nopush          on;   # 减少网络报文段的数量
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;   # 保持连接的时间，也叫超时时间，单位秒
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    
    client_max_body_size 100m; # 请求体大小限制
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;      # 文件扩展名与类型映射表
    default_type        application/octet-stream;   # 默认文件类型

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;   # 加载子配置项
    
    server {
        listen       80;       # 配置监听的端口
        server_name  localhost;    # 配置的域名
        # https 配置
        listen       443 ssl;
        ssl_certificate     cert/scs1677107161520_moelj.com_server.crt;  
        ssl_certificate_key cert/scs1677107161520_moelj.com_server.key;
        ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:1m;  
        ssl_session_timeout 5m;  
        ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;  # ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;       
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;  
        # ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        if ($scheme = http) {   # 设置301跳转，设置http跳转到https
                return 302 https://moelj.com$request_uri;
        }
        location /wr {
                 alias /root/wr-web/.output/public;
                 index index.html;
                 try_files $uri $uri/ /wr/index.html;
        }
        # 二级资源目录配置
        # 同时需要在项目中配置路由 basename 和打包的 base 路径为 /bimg
        location /bimg {
                 alias /root/bot-img/dist;
                 index index.html;
                 try_files $uri $uri/ /bimg/index.html;
        }
        # 前端静态资源配置
        location / {
                root   /root/bot-web/dist;  # 网站根目录
                index  index.html index.htm;   # 默认首页文件
                try_files  $uri $uri/ /index.html @rewrites;  # 使用 history 路由时的查找规则，避免 404   
                expires -1;                          # 首页一般没有强制缓存
                add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
        }
        # 代理配置
        location ~ ^/api/ {
                rewrite "^/api/(.*)$" /$1 break;
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9501;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location ~ ^/s/ {
                rewrite "^/s/(.*)$" /$1 break;
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9501;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location @rewrites {
                rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.html break;
        }
    
        # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  # 默认50x对应的访问页面
        # error_page 400 404 error.html;   # 同上
    }
}

mime.types

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types {
    text/html                                        html htm shtml;
    text/css                                         css;
    text/xml                                         xml;
    image/gif                                        gif;
    image/jpeg                                       jpeg jpg;
    application/javascript                           js;
    application/atom+xml                             atom;
    application/rss+xml                              rss;

    text/mathml                                      mml;
    text/plain                                       txt;
    text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor                 jad;
    text/vnd.wap.wml                                 wml;
    text/x-component                                 htc;

    image/png                                        png;
    image/svg+xml                                    svg svgz;
    image/tiff                                       tif tiff;
    image/vnd.wap.wbmp                               wbmp;
    image/webp                                       webp;
    image/x-icon                                     ico;
    image/x-jng                                      jng;
    image/x-ms-bmp                                   bmp;

    application/font-woff                            woff;
    application/java-archive                         jar war ear;
    application/json                                 json;
    application/mac-binhex40                         hqx;
    application/msword                               doc;
    application/pdf                                  pdf;
    application/postscript                           ps eps ai;
    application/rtf                                  rtf;
    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl                    m3u8;
    application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml             kml;
    application/vnd.google-earth.kmz                 kmz;
    application/vnd.ms-excel                         xls;
    application/vnd.ms-fontobject                    eot;
    application/vnd.ms-powerpoint                    ppt;
    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics      odg;
    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation  odp;
    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet   ods;
    application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text          odt;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
                                                     pptx;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
                                                     xlsx;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
                                                     docx;
    application/vnd.wap.wmlc                         wmlc;
    application/x-7z-compressed                      7z;
    application/x-cocoa                              cco;
    application/x-java-archive-diff                  jardiff;
    application/x-java-jnlp-file                     jnlp;
    application/x-makeself                           run;
    application/x-perl                               pl pm;
    application/x-pilot                              prc pdb;
    application/x-rar-compressed                     rar;
    application/x-redhat-package-manager             rpm;
    application/x-sea                                sea;
    application/x-shockwave-flash                    swf;
    application/x-stuffit                            sit;
    application/x-tcl                                tcl tk;
    application/x-x509-ca-cert                       der pem crt;
    application/x-xpinstall                          xpi;
    application/xhtml+xml                            xhtml;
    application/xspf+xml                             xspf;
    application/zip                                  zip;

    application/octet-stream                         bin exe dll;
    application/octet-stream                         deb;
    application/octet-stream                         dmg;
    application/octet-stream                         iso img;
    application/octet-stream                         msi msp msm;

    audio/midi                                       mid midi kar;
    audio/mpeg                                       mp3;
    audio/ogg                                        ogg;
    audio/x-m4a                                      m4a;
    audio/x-realaudio                                ra;

    video/3gpp                                       3gpp 3gp;
    video/mp2t                                       ts;
    video/mp4                                        mp4;
    video/mpeg                                       mpeg mpg;
    video/quicktime                                  mov;
    video/webm                                       webm;
    video/x-flv                                      flv;
    video/x-m4v                                      m4v;
    video/x-mng                                      mng;
    video/x-ms-asf                                   asx asf;
    video/x-ms-wmv                                   wmv;
    video/x-msvideo                                  avi;
}
本文作者：xb18
本文链接：http://xb18.github.io/2023/02/12/nginx/
版权声明：本文采用 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 CN 协议进行许可
  1. 1. 配置文件
  2. 2. 常用命令
  3. 3. 安装
  4. 4. FAQ
    1. 4.1. 404 没有权限
    2. 4.2. 413 Request Entity Too Large
    3. 4.3. 代理
    4. 4.4. gzip开启
    5. 4.5. 指定路径解析至不同vue项目
    6. 4.6. 设置http自动跳转到https
    7. 4.7. 配置示例
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